1. Swift Programming Language:

Variables, Constants, and Data Types

Optional and Type Casting

Control Flow (loops, conditionals)

Functions and Closures

Classes, Structures, and Enums

Protocols and Delegates

Error Handling

Memory Management

2. Xcode and Interface Builder:

Understanding the Xcode IDE

Interface Builder basics (building UI visually)

Navigating Storyboards and Interface Builder files

3. User Interface (UI) Development:

Building Interfaces with Storyboards or programmatically

Auto Layout and Constraints

Views, View Controllers, and Navigation Controllers

Table Views and Collection Views

4. Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture:

Understanding and implementing MVC in iOS

5. Networking:

Making HTTP requests (NSURLSession, URLSession, Alamofire)

Parsing JSON data (Codable, JSON Serialization)

Handling API responses (completion handlers, delegates)

6. Persistence:

Working with User Defaults

Core Data (for more complex data management)

File Management (Reading/Writing Files)